Cerium is a heavy metal belonging to the lanthanide family and the actinide chemical series. It is the most abundant fission metal on Earth and is the most reactive chemical element in its series.

Cerium is a very malleable and ductile silver-gray metal. It has a relatively high melting point (1037°C) and a boiling point of 3500°C. Its density is about 6.77 g/cm3 and its atomic mass is 140.1 g/mol.

Cerium is a relatively reactive metal and is classified as a heavy metal. It is very malleable and ductile, and can be alloyed with other metals and materials to improve its mechanical and physical properties. Cerium is also very refractory and does not corrode easily in an oxidizing environment.

Cerium is used in a variety of applications, most notably in the internal combustion engine industry. It is also used in alloys, electronics, lubricants, vapor lamps and catalysts. Cerium is also used in refractory materials and superalloys for the aerospace and automotive industries.

798°
3257°

140.116

2
3
4

[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2

2
8
18
19
9
2

1.12

5.5387

Synthetic

Radioactive

Liquid

Gaseous

Electronic configuration diagram

Characteristics

Name	Cerium
Number	58
Atomic	140.116
Symbol	Ce
Fusion	798
Boiling	3257
Density	6.77
Period	6
Group	0

Discovery	1803 Berzelius
Abundance	66.5
Radius	2.7
Electronegativity	1.12
Ionization	5.5387
Number of isotopes	19
Electronic configuration	[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Oxidation states	2,3,4
Electron by energy level	2,8,18,19,9,2

Minerals containing this element : 228

Mineral	Hardness	Density
Abenakiite-(Ce)	4.00 / 4.00	3.21
Aeschynite-(Ce)	5.00 / 6.00	5.19
Aeschynite-(Nd)	5.00 / 6.00	4.60
Agardite-(Ce)	3.00 / 3.00	3.72
Allanite-(Ce)	5.50 / 5.50	3.30
Allanite-(La)	6.00 / 6.00	3.93
Allanite-(Y)	5.50 / 5.50	3.30
Alnaperbøeite-(Ce)
Aluminocerite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.00	4.68
Ancylite-(Ce)	4.50 / 4.50	3.90
Ancylite-(La)	4.00 / 4.50	3.88
Andrianovite	5.00 / 5.00	3.02
Anzaite-(Ce)		5.05
Arapovite	5.50 / 6.00	3.43
Arisite-(Ce)
Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)	3.50 / 3.50	4.10
Arsenoflorencite-(La)	3.50 / 3.50	4.10
Arsenoflorencite-(Nd)	3.50 / 3.50	4.05
Astrocyanite-(Ce)	2.00 / 3.00	3.80
Bario-olgite	4.00 / 4.50	4.00
Bastnäsite-(Ce)	4.00 / 5.00	4.95
Belovite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.00	4.19
Belovite-(La)	5.00 / 5.00	4.19
Biraite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.00	4.76
Braitschite-(Ce)		2.90
Brannerite	4.00 / 5.00	4.50
Britholite-(Ce)	5.50 / 5.50	4.20
Brockite	3.00 / 4.00	3.70
Burbankite	3.50 / 3.50	3.50
Bussyite-(Ce)		3.00
Byelorussite-(Ce)	5.50 / 6.00	3.92
Calcioancylite-(Ce)	4.00 / 4.50
Calcioburbankite	3.00 / 4.00	3.45
Calciopetersite	3.00 / 3.00	3.33
Calkinsite-(Ce)	2.50 / 2.50	3.27
Cappelenite-(Y)	6.00 / 6.00	4.40
Carbocernaite	3.00 / 3.00	3.53
Carbokentbrooksite	5.00 / 5.00	3.14
Cebaite-(Ce)	4.50 / 5.00	4.81
Cebaite-(Nd)	4.50 / 5.00	4.80
Cerianite-(Ce)		7.22
Ceriopyrochlore-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.50	4.13
Cerite-(Ce)	5.50 / 5.50	4.86
Cerite-(La)	5.00 / 5.00	4.70
Cerium
Cervandonite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.00
Chevkinite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.50	4.50
Christofschäferite-(Ce)	6.00 / 6.00	4.00
Chukhrovite-(Ce)	3.00 / 3.00
Chukhrovite-(Nd)	3.50 / 4.00	2.42
Chukhrovite-(Y)	3.00 / 3.00	2.27
Cordylite-(Ce)	4.50 / 4.50	4.44
Coskrenite-(Ce)
Crichtonite	5.00 / 6.00	4.46
Daqingshanite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.00	3.81
Davidite-(Ce)	6.00 / 6.00	4.42
Davidite-(La)	6.00 / 6.00	4.42
Deveroite-(Ce)	2.00 / 2.50	2.35
Dingdaohengite-(Ce)	6.00 / 6.00	4.83
Dissakisite-(Ce)	6.50 / 7.00	3.75
Dissakisite-(La)	6.50 / 7.00	3.79
Diversilite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.00	3.68
Dollaseite-(Ce)	6.50 / 7.00
Dualite	5.00 / 5.00	2.84
Dyrnaesite-(La)		3.68
Eudialyte	5.00 / 5.50	2.80
Euxenite-(Y)	6.50 / 6.50	4.70
Ewaldite		3.25
Feklichevite	5.50 / 5.50	2.87
Fergusonite-(Ce)	5.50 / 6.50	5.48
Fergusonite-(Ce)-	5.50 / 6.50
Fergusonite-(Nd)	5.50 / 6.50	4.50
Ferriallanite-(Ce)	6.00 / 6.00	4.22
Ferronordite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.50	3.46
Ferronordite-(La)	5.00 / 5.00	3.54
Fersmite	4.00 / 4.50	4.69
Florencite-(Ce)	5.00 / 6.00	3.46
Florencite-(La)	5.00 / 6.00	3.52
Florencite-(Nd)	5.00 / 6.00	3.50
Fluocerite-(Ce)	4.50 / 5.00	6.13
Fluocerite-(La)	4.00 / 5.00	5.93
Fluorbritholite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.00	4.66
Fluorcalciobritholite	5.50 / 5.50	4.20
Fluorcaphite	5.00 / 5.00	3.60
Françoisite-(Ce)
Françoisite-(Nd)	3.00 / 3.00	4.06
Gadolinite-(Ce)	6.50 / 7.00	4.20
Gagarinite-(Ce)	3.50 / 3.50
Galgenbergite-(Ce)	2.00 / 3.00
Gasparite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.00
Gatelite-(Ce)	6.00 / 7.00	4.51
Golyshevite	5.50 / 5.50	2.89
Gramaccioliite-(Y)	6.00 / 6.00	4.66
Graulichite-(Ce)		3.90
Håleniusite-(La)		6.50
Hellandite-(Ce)	5.50 / 6.00
Hellandite-(Y)	5.50 / 6.00	3.70
Hibonite	7.50 / 8.00	3.84
Hingganite-(Ce)	5.00 / 6.00	4.28