Niobium is a chemical element with atomic number 41 and symbol Nb. It is in a solid state at room temperature and has a relatively low density compared to other metals. It has a silver-gray color and is a shiny metal with relatively weak mechanical characteristics.

Niobium is relatively reactive with air, carbon dioxide and water. It can form stable compounds with oxygen, nitrogen and fluorine. The chemical properties of niobium are similar to those of other alkaline earth metals. It combines with hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur dioxide and nitric acid to form oxides.

Niobium is one of the hardest and most corrosion resistant metals. It is resistant to acids, alkalis and most other organic and inorganic acids. It is used to form alloys with a large number of other metals, including special steels, aluminum alloys and titanium alloys.

Niobium is mainly used in the metallurgical industry. It is used for the production of special steels resistant to corrosion and high temperatures. It is also used as an additive in steel alloys to improve hardness and corrosion resistance. It is also used in the manufacture of medical equipment, missiles and nuclear fuel. It is also used in the production of glasses, watches, jewelry and decorative items.

2468°
4927°

92.90637

-1
2
3
4
5

[Kr] 4d4 5s1

2
8
18
12
1

1.6

6.7589

Synthetic

Radioactive

Liquid

Gaseous

Electronic configuration diagram

Characteristics

Name	Niobium
Number	41
Atomic	92.90637
Symbol	Nb
Fusion	2468
Boiling	4927
Density	8.57
Period	5
Group	5

Discovery	1801 Hatchett
Abundance	20
Radius	2.1
Electronegativity	1.6
Ionization	6.7589
Number of isotopes	24
Electronic configuration	[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Oxidation states	-1,2,3,4,5
Electron by energy level	2,8,18,12,1

Minerals containing this element : 241

Mineral	Hardness	Density
Achalaite
Aeschynite-(Ce)	5.00 / 6.00	5.19
Aeschynite-(Nd)	5.00 / 6.00	4.60
Aeschynite-(Y)	5.00 / 6.00	4.85
Alluaivite	5.00 / 6.00	2.76
Alsakharovite-Zn	5.00 / 5.00	2.90
Andrianovite	5.00 / 5.00	3.02
Aspedamite	3.00 / 4.00	4.07
Baotite	6.00 / 6.00	4.42
Bariomicrolite	4.50 / 5.00	5.68
Bariopyrochlore	4.50 / 5.00	4.00
Barytolamprophyllite	2.00 / 3.00	3.62
Batisivite	7.00 / 7.00	4.62
Béhierite	7.00 / 7.50	7.81
Belkovite	6.00 / 7.00	4.16
Belyankinite	2.00 / 3.00	2.32
Billwiseite	5.00 / 5.00	6.33
Bismutocolumbite	5.50 / 5.50	7.56
Bismutomicrolite	5.00 / 5.00	6.83
Bismutopyrochlore	5.00 / 5.00	4.97
Bismutotantalite	5.00 / 5.00	8.51
Bobshannonite	4.00 / 4.00	3.79
Bobtraillite	5.50 / 5.50	3.16
Bornemanite	3.50 / 4.00	3.47
Burovaite-Ca		2.73
Bykovaite	3.00 / 3.00	2.98
Byzantievite	4.50 / 5.00	4.25
Calciobetafite	4.50 / 5.50	4.20
Calciomurmanite		2.85
Calciosamarskite	6.50 / 6.50	4.48
Calciotantite	6.50 / 6.50	7.46
Carbokentbrooksite	5.00 / 5.00	3.14
Carlosbarbosaite		4.00
Ceriopyrochlore-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.50	4.13
Cesplumtantite	7.00 / 7.00	6.00
Changbaiite	5.50 / 5.50	6.48
Charleshatchettite
Chivruaiite	3.00 / 3.00	2.40
Columbite-(Fe)	6.00 / 6.00	5.30
Columbite-(Mg)	6.50 / 6.50	5.04
Columbite-(Mn)	6.00 / 6.00	5.28
Dingdaohengite-(Ce)	6.00 / 6.00	4.83
Diversilite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.00	3.68
Dovyrenite	3.00 / 4.00	3.03
Dualite	5.00 / 5.00	2.84
Edgarite	2.00 / 2.50	4.99
Ekplexite	1.00 / 1.00	3.63
Epistolite	1.00 / 1.50	2.65
Euxenite-(Y)	6.50 / 6.50	4.70
Eveslogite	5.00 / 5.00	2.85
Faizievite	4.00 / 4.50	2.82
Feklichevite	5.50 / 5.50	2.87
Fergusonite-(Ce)	5.50 / 6.50	5.48
Fergusonite-(Ce)-	5.50 / 6.50
Fergusonite-(Nd)	5.50 / 6.50	4.50
Fergusonite-(Nd)-	5.50 / 6.50
Fergusonite-(Y)	5.50 / 6.00	4.30
Fergusonite-(Y)-	5.50 / 6.50
Ferrokentbrooksite	5.00 / 6.00	3.06
Fersmanite	5.50 / 5.50	3.44
Fersmite	4.00 / 4.50	4.69
Fluorcalciopyrochlore
Fluornatropyrochlore	4.00 / 4.50	5.28
Foordite	6.00 / 6.00	6.73
Franconite	4.00 / 4.00	2.72
Georgbarsanovite	5.00 / 5.00	3.05
Gerasimovskite	2.00 / 2.00	2.52
Gjerdingenite-Ca	5.00 / 5.00	2.79
Gjerdingenite-Fe	5.00 / 5.00	2.82
Gjerdingenite-Mn	5.00 / 5.00	2.93
Gjerdingenite-Na	5.00 / 5.00	2.71
Golyshevite	5.50 / 5.50	2.89
Gramaccioliite-(Y)	6.00 / 6.00	4.66
Gutkovaite-Mn	5.00 / 5.00	2.83
Haineaultite	3.00 / 4.00	2.28
Hochelagaite	4.00 / 4.00	2.85
Hydroastrophyllite	3.00 / 4.00	3.15
Hydropyrochlore	4.00 / 4.50
Hydroxycalciopyrochlore	5.00 / 6.00	5.15
Hydroxymanganopyrochlore		5.40
Ikranite	5.00 / 5.00	2.82
Ilímaussite-(Ce)	4.00 / 4.00	3.60
IMA2015-067
Intersilite	3.00 / 4.00	2.42
Irtyshite	7.00 / 7.00	7.03
Ishikawaite	5.00 / 6.00	6.20
Isolueshite	5.50 / 5.50	4.72
Iwashiroite-(Y)	6.00 / 6.00	7.10
Ixiolite	6.00 / 6.50	6.94
Janhaugite	5.00 / 5.00	3.60
Jedwabite	7.00 / 7.00	8.60
Jinshajiangite	4.50 / 5.00	3.61
Joaquinite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.50	3.62
Johnsenite-(Ce)	5.00 / 6.00	3.20
Johnwalkite	4.00 / 4.00	3.40
Karnasurtite-(Ce)	2.00 / 2.00	2.89
Karupmøllerite-Ca	5.00 / 5.00	2.71
Kaskasite	1.00 / 1.00	3.83
Kazanskyite	3.00 / 3.00	2.93