Praseodymium is a chemical element with symbol Pr and atomic number 59. It is a rare metal of the lantanide family and it is the lightest element of this family. It has an atomic mass of 140.91. Praseodymium has a silvery gray appearance, and is relatively soft, with a melting point of 931°C and a boiling point of 3.460°C.

Regarding properties, praseodymium is ferromagnetic at room temperature, and exhibits low reactivity but could be oxidized by strong acids. It is also non-toxic and non-radioactive.

Praseodymium is mainly used in the manufacture of alloy metals and compounds for specific applications. It is also used in the production of high intensity lasers, optical devices, mirrors, solar cells and corrosion protection layers. In addition, it is added to phosphors to improve their efficiency and is used in optical filters for the production of white light. Praseodymium is also used in incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps.

931°
3212°

140.90766

2
3
4

[Xe] 4f3 6s2

2
8
18
21
8
2

1.13

5.473

Synthetic

Radioactive

Liquid

Gaseous

Electronic configuration diagram

Characteristics

Name	praseodymium
Number	59
Atomic	140.90766
Symbol	Pr
Fusion	931
Boiling	3212
Density	6.773
Period	6
Group	0

Discovery	1885 von Welsbach
Abundance	9.2
Radius	2.7
Electronegativity	1.13
Ionization	5.473
Number of isotopes	15
Electronic configuration	[Xe] 4f3 6s2
Oxidation states	2,3,4
Electron by energy level	2,8,18,21,8,2

Minerals containing this element : 40

Mineral	Hardness	Density
Allanite-(La)	6.00 / 6.00	3.93
Aluminocerite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.00	4.68
Astrocyanite-(Ce)	2.00 / 3.00	3.80
Biraite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.00	4.76
Bussyite-(Ce)		3.00
Calciopetersite	3.00 / 3.00	3.33
Carbokentbrooksite	5.00 / 5.00	3.14
Cerite-(La)	5.00 / 5.00	4.70
Chukhrovite-(Nd)	3.50 / 4.00	2.42
Decrespignyite-(Y)	4.00 / 4.00	3.64
Dissakisite-(La)	6.50 / 7.00	3.79
Diversilite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.00	3.68
Ferronordite-(La)	5.00 / 5.00	3.54
Fluorbritholite-(Ce)	5.00 / 5.00	4.66
Fluorcalciobritholite	5.50 / 5.50	4.20
Galgenbergite-(Ce)	2.00 / 3.00
Gatelite-(Ce)	6.00 / 7.00	4.51
Håleniusite-(La)		6.50
Hingganite-(Ce)	5.00 / 6.00	4.28
Hingganite-(Y)	5.00 / 6.00
Ilímaussite-(Ce)	4.00 / 4.00	3.60
Johnsenite-(Ce)	5.00 / 6.00	3.20
Kozoite-(La)		4.16
Kozoite-(Nd)		4.77
Kukharenkoite-(La)	4.00 / 4.00	4.65
Orthojoaquinite-(La)	5.00 / 5.00	4.10
Paratooite-(La)	4.00 / 4.00
Percleveite-(Ce)	6.00 / 6.00	5.21
Petersenite-(Ce)	3.00 / 3.00	3.69
Piergorite-(Ce)	5.50 / 6.00
Plumboagardite	3.00 / 3.00	3.74
Polyakovite-(Ce)	5.50 / 6.00	4.75
Qaqarssukite-(Ce)	3.00 / 4.00
Samarskite-(Yb)	5.00 / 6.00	7.03
Sazhinite-(La)	3.00 / 3.00
Tundrite-(Ce)	3.00 / 3.00	4.08
Uedaite-(Ce)	5.00 / 6.00	4.19
Västmanlandite-(Ce)	6.00 / 6.00	4.51
Wakefieldite-(La)	4.00 / 4.00	4.70
Zugshunstite-(Ce)