Gallium is a metallic chemical element with the symbol Ga. It is the chemical element with atomic number 31 and atomic mass 69.723 g/mol. Its atomic binding energy is 624.5 kJ/mol.

Gallium has a monatomic atom that makes covalent bonds with other atoms. It has a cubic structure with center faces. Its color is silver gray and it has a relatively low hardness.

Gallium has a very low melting temperature (29.76°C) and a boiling temperature (2402°C). Its melting point is used for general purpose sensors because it reacts with heat and provides precise temperature control.

Gallium is very soluble in organic materials and in strong acids, but it is insoluble in water. It also mixes easily with other elements to form alloys.

Gallium is also used in the manufacture of LEDs (solid-state lighting) and in the computer industry for the production of processors, memory and integrated circuits.

Gallium is also used in the medical industry for the production of radiopharmaceuticals and diagnostic products. It is also used in the production of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It is also used in the materials industry due to its thermal and chemical properties.

29.8°
2403°

69.723

1
2
3

[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1

2
8
18
3

1.81

5.9993

Synthetic

Radioactive

Liquid

Gaseous

Electronic configuration diagram

Characteristics

Name	Gallium
Number	31
Atomic	69.723
Symbol	Ga
Fusion	29.8
Boiling	2403
Density	5.907
Period	4
Group	13

Discovery	1875 de Boisbaudran
Abundance	19
Radius	1.8
Electronegativity	1.81
Ionization	5.9993
Number of isotopes	14
Electronic configuration	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Oxidation states	1,2,3
Electron by energy level	2,8,18,3

Minerals containing this element : 14

Mineral	Hardness	Density
Calvertite	4.00 / 5.00	5.24
Dissakisite-(La)	6.50 / 7.00	3.79
Eyselite		3.64
Ferrohögbomite-2N2S	6.00 / 7.00
Gallite	3.00 / 3.50	4.20
Gallobeudantite	4.00 / 4.00	4.58
Galloplumbogummite		4.62
Ishiharaite
Krieselite	5.50 / 6.50	4.07
Maikainite	4.00 / 4.00	4.45
Ovamboite	3.50 / 3.50	4.74
Söhngeite	4.00 / 4.50	3.84
Tsumgallite	1.50 / 2.50	5.08
Zincobriartite