Boron is a chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5. It is classified as a transition metal and is found in the second period of the periodic table of elements. Boron is metallic white and slightly shiny. It is almost tasteless and odorless. Boron is very hard and very difficult to work and mold, so it is often combined with other metals to facilitate its processing.

Boron is one of four elements that can form very strong covalent bonds with another boron atom. This property makes it an excellent addition to materials such as alloys and metals. Boron is also used as an alloying element to improve corrosion and abrasion resistance.

Boron is also used in many industries. It is used to make batteries, tools, insulation materials, abrasive products, motors, gears and mechanical parts. Boron is also used in the production of high quality lubricants and greases, as well as in the manufacture of chemicals, dyes and drugs.

Finally, boron is also used as a fertilizer because it is highly concentrated in trace elements and nutrient salts. It is also used for soil enrichment and as an addition to fertilizer to improve agricultural productivity.

2300°
2550°

10.812

1
2
3

[He] 2s2 2p1

2
3

2.04

8.298

Synthetic

Radioactive

Liquid

Gaseous

Electronic configuration diagram

Characteristics

Name	Boron
Number	5
Atomic	10.812
Symbol	B
Fusion	2300
Boiling	2550
Density	2.34
Period	2
Group	13

Discovery	1808 Gay-Lussac
Abundance	10
Radius	1.2
Electronegativity	2.04
Ionization	8.298
Number of isotopes	6
Electronic configuration	[He] 2s2 2p1
Oxidation states	1,2,3
Electron by energy level	2,3

Minerals containing this element : 288

Mineral	Hardness	Density
Adachiite
Admontite	2.00 / 3.00	1.82
Aksaite	2.50 / 2.50	1.99
Alfredstelznerite
Aluminomagnesiohulsite	6.00 / 6.00	3.84
Ameghinite	2.00 / 3.00	2.02
Ammonioborite		1.77
Aristarainite	3.50 / 3.50	2.03
Avogadrite		2.62
Axinite-(Fe)	6.50 / 7.00	3.27
Axinite-(Mg)	6.50 / 7.00	3.27
Axinite-(Mn)	6.50 / 7.00	3.27
Azoproite	5.50 / 5.50	3.63
Bakerite	4.50 / 4.50	2.70
Bandylite	2.50 / 2.50	2.81
Barberiite	1.00 / 1.00	1.89
Béhierite	7.00 / 7.50	7.81
Berborite	3.00 / 3.00	2.20
Biringuccite		2.32
Blatterite	6.00 / 6.00	4.70
Bobtraillite	5.50 / 5.50	3.16
Bonaccordite	7.00 / 7.00	5.17
Boracite	7.00 / 7.00	2.90
Boralsilite		3.06
Borax	2.00 / 2.50	1.70
Borcarite	4.00 / 4.00	2.77
Borocookeite	3.00 / 3.00	2.62
Boromullite
Boromuscovite	2.50 / 3.00	2.81
Bosiite	7.00 / 7.00	3.26
Braitschite-(Ce)		2.90
Brianroulstonite	5.00 / 5.00	1.97
Britvinite	3.00 / 3.00	5.51
Buryatite	2.50 / 2.50
Byzantievite	4.50 / 5.00	4.25
Cahnite	3.00 / 3.00	3.16
Calciborite	3.50 / 3.50	2.88
Calcybeborosilite-(Y)	5.00 / 5.50	3.00
Canavesite		1.80
Cappelenite-(Y)	6.00 / 6.00	4.40
Capranicaite		2.41
Carboborite	2.00 / 2.00	2.12
Chambersite	7.00 / 7.00	3.49
Charlesite	2.50 / 2.50	1.77
Chelkarite		1.00
Chestermanite	6.00 / 6.00	3.72
Chromium-dravite	7.00 / 7.50
Chromo-alumino-povondraite	7.50 / 7.50	3.23
Chubarovite	2.00 / 2.00	2.72
Ciprianiite
Clinokurchatovite	4.50 / 4.50	3.07
Clinometaborite		2.05
Colemanite	4.50 / 4.50	2.42
Congolite	6.50 / 7.50	3.58
Danburite	7.00 / 7.00	2.97
Darrellhenryite	7.00 / 7.00	3.04
Datolite	5.50 / 5.50	2.80
Diomignite
Dravite	7.00 / 7.50	2.98
Dumortierite	8.50 / 8.50	3.30
Ekaterinite	1.00 / 1.00	2.44
Elbaite	7.50 / 7.50	2.90
Ericaite	7.00 / 7.50	3.22
Ezcurrite	3.00 / 3.50	2.05
Fabianite	6.00 / 6.00	2.77
Fedorovskite	4.50 / 4.50	2.65
Ferruccite	3.00 / 3.00	2.50
Feruvite	7.00 / 7.00	3.21
Fluoborite	3.50 / 3.50	2.89
Fluor-buergerite
Fluor-dravite	7.00 / 7.00	3.12
Fluor-elbaite
Fluor-liddicoatite	7.50 / 7.50	3.05
Fluor-schorl	7.00 / 7.00
Fluor-tsilaisite	7.00 / 7.00	3.13
Fluor-uvite	7.50 / 7.50	3.08
Foitite	7.00 / 7.00	3.17
Folvikite
Fontarnauite
Fredrikssonite	6.00 / 6.00	3.84
Frolovite	3.50 / 3.50	2.14
Gadolinite-(Ce)	6.50 / 7.00	4.20
Garrelsite	6.00 / 6.00	3.00
Gaudefroyite	6.00 / 6.00	3.35
Ginorite	3.50 / 3.50	2.07
Gowerite	3.00 / 3.00	2.00
Grandidierite	7.50 / 7.50	2.98
Halurgite	2.50 / 3.00	2.19
Hambergite	7.50 / 7.50	2.37
Harkerite		2.96
Heidornite	4.00 / 5.00	2.75
Hellandite-(Ce)	5.50 / 6.00
Hellandite-(Y)	5.50 / 6.00	3.70
Henmilite	1.50 / 2.00	2.51
Hexahydroborite	2.50 / 2.50	1.87
Hilgardite	5.00 / 5.00	2.69
Holtite	8.50 / 8.50	3.60
Homilite	5.00 / 5.00	3.38
Howlite	2.50 / 3.50	2.58